Exam

 

Task 10

Intro what is film distribution?
 Film distribution is the process of making a film available for viewing by an audience.

What is the distributor's role?
To make the film available to market and broaden the films stretch and make it widely available to the target audience.

What's a distribution plan?
A plan created by the distributors that outlines how the company aims to make its products available to retailers, intermediaries and consumers. (how will the film be available to its audience)

What's a P + A budget?
Money that is used for the print and advertisement of a film.

What is the average distribution cost for a big six film?
between 100-200 million dollars

What does the distribution budget include?

What is a simultaneous release?
when a film is released in more than one way at the same time for example a film way be released in cinemas and on DVD at the same time or on DVD and TV at the same time.  

What are some main distribution companies?

1	Walt Disney
2	Warner Bros.
3	Sony Picture
4	20th Century Fox
5	Universal
6	Paramount Pictures
7	Lionsgate
8	New Line
9	Dreamworks SKG
10	Miramax

What do you think is the link between audiences and distribution?
The distribution of a film needs to make the film available to the target audience. A film for younger children must be advertised on a platform that is available to younger children. a film directed at teens or adults will also need to be advertised and promoted on the appropriate platforms and be available to watch on the appropriate platforms to ensure the distribution caters for the age of audience.

Define target market audience? What's audience positioning? 
The intended audience for the film.

Why is the release date crucial?
the release date is as important as the film and the marketing. A film released at a weekend or in a school holiday is more likely to be watched at the cinema. It is important to release a film at a time a film companies target audience is able to watch it. it is also important not to release a film at the same time a similar film or similar genre film is being released., a film company wants minimal competition for their film. 

What is self distribution?

when a producer distributes the film without the use of a distribution company.



go to www.launchingfilms.com and have a look at the different ways a film can be released (saturated etc) and give a couple of examples to ensure you understand what it means. 

Task 8 technology

Types of media technology

Exchange:
sky store
cinemas
DVD
blue-ray
laptop
online
tablets
smartphones
apps- Netflix,amazon prime

Distribution:
star wars- great wall of china storm trooper walk
digital projector
you tube
trailer
devil child- pram prank
Carrie cafe prank

Exhibition:
ultra violet
surround sounds
imax

Production:
3D
red epic digital cameras
3D printing
green screen
4k cameras
drones
special effects
post production editing
visual reality
prop shop

Representation of gender

Throughout this clip representation of gender is portrayed using editing, camera, sound and Mise en scene.

Through the use of a bird’s eye view in the doctor’s office whilst the women is having her appointment the women is shown stereo typically weak and vulnerable. This shot makes her look smaller in comparison to the size of the room. This shot shows that she has no power over the situation and she is just someone small in a word much bigger. This portray the female character as powerless, venerable, and defenceless. The technology use of a hand-held camera during the shot of the man running across the road after the women is hit by a car shows the man’s raw feelings.  This use of camera work shows the male character as shaky and emotional something stereotypical most men don’t want to appear. This shows the man’s love for his wife and his panic when he realises she is hurt. This portrays the male character in a positive roe of gender as it shows his sensitive caring side. The shot when the man is sitting with the women after her accident shows contrasting shots which alternate between the women looking up at the man and the man looking down on the women. This is a very stereotypical representation of gender roles. When the female character is in such an unstable condition she is shown belittled in a man’s arms looking up at him, the way throughout history women have been told she should look up to a man. Stereo typically women are always belittled by the man and even though she is injured this shot does not give her this satisfaction of being above the man or of being shown  importance; however the alternative shot shows the man looking above the women, this can be seen in two ways the first being that the man after witnessing his wife hurt and dying is holding her for the last time this makes him seem kind and loving, the way an audience would expect a man to react to his wife being hit by a ar. This again shows the male character in a positive light. However, this shot could also be the male character looking down on his wife. She is in an unstable emotional position and this clearly shows her lower than him. Although her condition means she can’t sit up etc. the camera angle clearly shows him looking down on her giving him a sense of power over her even though she is already hurt and dying.  The close up shot of the male characters wedding ring shows him twisting it wound his finger whilst his wife is having a doctor’s appointment. Fidgeting is sometimes associated with nerves this shot shows how he is thinking about what may be happening in the appointment and what the outcome may be. The close up again shows his caring side as he appears to be worried the shot also shows his love for his wife and devotion to their marriage.

The mise en scene use of setting in the taxi symbolises moving forward as they are talking about their marriage and starting new. The use of this setting shows them not staying in one place. This is a positive representation as it shows them as man and wife, male and female moving together as one as they start their life as a married couple. This shows them as equal in a legal partnership with one another. The props of a flower stall as the female character enters the hospital shows neatly arranged pretty flowers. Flowers are often used to celebrate and give as a gift seen as a pretty living thing however later this props meaning significantly changes after the accident as they are scattered on the ground. The flowers can be used to represent the female character as being positive and leaves the hospital with bad news. The flowers can also be used for the audience to foreshadow the female characters up comings. Flowers are also used a funeral and given to people who are sick. Flowers also wither and die. Like stereotypical female’s flowers are pretty and delicate just like the female character in this clip. The contrast of the male and female characters setting represents the difference between their life positions. The female in the doctor’s office receiving bad news and the male sat at a cafe outside on a table smiling. This shows how women are emotional and the female character is going through a difficult time in her life without anyone to support her it also shows how male characters are strong and even when things are happening to those around them they can remain strong and calm and go about their daily tasks this could be used to foreshadow the events after the car accident.

The lack of sound after the accident with the shot of the male character shows his raw emotion and show of what he has witnessed it also allows the audience take in and think about what has happened. It shows that even a man who stereo typically should remain strong in the face of a tragedy can be shocked and surprised and need to take a minuet to absorb what has happened. It shows that men to have emotions tea me as women. The non-diegetic sound of the car accident allows the audience to hear what has happened before they see it. This shows that things happen that you can’t always see and aren’t always aware of. This shows that feeling and emotions may be concealed the way the women pretended to her husband she had good new the same as the incident was covered. This represents both genders how both male and females sometimes have things they don’t want to share both emotions and physical events.

The continuity editing allows the events to feel more real to the audience this allows both characters male and female to show their raw emotion of all events from taxi drive, to hospital appointment, through to anticipation and the accident and finally the women’s death. It shows the naturalism of people’s lives no matter what your gender somethings can’t be edited and sugar-coated away. The slow motion of the bus moving away revealing the injured women gives the event dramatic effect how when incidents happen to people their whole world can slow down and their actions and special awareness may be impaired it allows the audience to feel the male character’s emotion adding to the realism of the clip. 

Ethnicity

 Hotel Babylon

Camera:

In the Hotel Babylon clip, a large group of minorities are shown running into a staff room to hide from immigration officers. This shot is obscured by metal bars in the frame that look similar to prison bars. This could be symbolism for the ethnic minorities being prisoners and trapped in the situation that they are in- unable to escape. It could show that they are forced to stay where they are and are unable to escape, showing that the only job they would ever be able to do is in that hotel and they will never be able to go and find help anywhere else. It could also signify that it is their destiny to be in prison and it is inevitable- no matter how much they try to run from it they will eventually end up behind bars. This shot shows that they have no power compared to the other people in the hotel and the officers.

Ethnicity is portrayed as equal when different ethnicity's are put into the same room in the same situation with the camera at mid shot showing none of them superior . The shot of the man saving the women frames and focuses on him in the center with the others in the background this is the moment the audience can recognize that these people are more than their ethnicity and have skills and importance beyond being an illegal immigrant.

In the end scene in the cafeteria its shows multiple ethnicity groups eating dinner separated into their respective groups. The camera in this shot tacks at a contestant speed and shows each ethnicity group at the same camera level. This is done to show that the power levels between each group is the same and that they are all equal. The speed of the tracking camera also shows equality as each ethnicity group gets the same amount of camera time in the tracking shot.

Within the Babylon Hotel clip, race and ethnicity is presented through the use of camera angles, frame and movement. Through this use of camera, the worker taken away for immigration is made to appear insignificant and less than human. This one specific moment which represented ethnicity was during the second last scene – in this scene, the immigrant worker, Ibrahim, is being taken away by the immigration officers. Ibrahim’s face is not shown; the handheld camera tracks the immigration officers taking the immigrant away in a shaky format of only the back of his head. This aspect of the clip of neglecting Ibrahim’s face creates a perception of him being unworthy and insignificant enough to not be shown – his actions make the audience feel shameful towards him. Ibrahim furthermore appears less than human. This perception is created through the handheld camera, tracking the action with a mid-shot. The shaking effect of the camera reflects the hectic narrative of the scene, additionally, the shaking effect does not allow the audience to focus on Ibrahim’s self – only the action of the narrative.

Through the use of camera, the clip shows a representation of immigrants as insignificant and less than human. During the second last scene the immigrant worker, Ibrahim, is being taken away by the immigration officers. Ibrahim’s face is not shown; the handheld camera tracks the immigration officers in a mid shot, in a shaky shot of only the back of his head. By neglecting Ibrahim’s face the director creates a perception of immigrants being unworthy and insignificant enough to not be shown – the camera work make the audience feel shameful towards him. The shaking effect of the camera reflects the hectic narrative of the scene, additionally, the shaking effect does not allow the audience to focus on Ibrahim’s self. I believe that by doing this, the audience is asked to question how we dehumanise and ignore those of different ethnic backgrounds.

Mise en Scene:

Near the end of the clip, Ibrahim’s locker is being cleaned out of all his personal belongings. The locker door is covered in pictures of his family. The presence of the family photos highlights to the audience that Ibrahim had a family and was working to support them. The element of family allows the audience to connect with Ibrahim and the other immigrants because it allows them relate with the difficulty of raising and supporting a family. The removal of these belongings and the pictures makes the audience sympathise with the immigrants because they recognise their desperation to look after their family.

The lighting when they are in the cupboard is dark and dingy, the space that they are in is small and its almost as if they are caged in. The locked door shows how they are shut out and hidden from everyone as if they don’t exist.

Adam is dressed, in a standard cleaners clothing. This makes the viewer assume that he is like everyone else and has no talents other than cleaning. We then find out he is a doctor and helps cure the lady. This contradicts our original thoughts as Adam was a doctor before he worked at the hotel.

Ibrahim has been left in the corridor hoovering, whilst the rest of the immigrant workers are trying to keep safe in the staff room cupboard. Ibrahim is dressed in a red overall cleaning outfit, the use of the colour red could represent danger and warning that Ibrahim is going to encounter some sort of danger, foreshadowing the events that are about to take place. Ibrahim is also seen to be wearing headphones and is oblivious to what is going out making him appear vulnerable to the audience it also excludes him from the other immigrants highlighting the dangerous position he is in.

Editing:

When assessing the editing, graphic matching was used when linking the shots between Abraham and the rest of the immigrants in the stock room. The theme of the colour red was used throughout, in Jackie’s lipstick and shirt and in Abrahams jumpsuit, along with the red carpet and vacuum cleaner. By using the colour red, it foreshadows danger and shows the unity between the ethnic minorities in England. By using this link, it also creates a smooth transition for the audience as the colours do not contrast with each other.

The cross cutting between the two scenes in the hallway and in the cupboard help enunciate the panic and fear that the immigrants are feeling when the immigration officers arrive. The silence in the cupboard completely contrasts the loud hoover in the hallway scene, where Ibrahim is cleaning the floor. These two moments cut together creates a very tense atmosphere and bounces the audience member from immediate danger to hiding, which allows the audience to sympathise with Ibrahim, who is about to be taken away.

The pace in this sequence increase to a quicker pace with the shots where the workers where running to the stock room. This quicken pace is used to show the audience that this shot is chaotic and rushed. This shows a sense of urgency and panic. This makes the audience feel a sense of panic for these people as it is uncertain what the outcome is going to be.

Sound:

Dialogue at the end of the clip.

“We got him – it’s the rules of the game”

Got him – animalistic – tie to ‘game’ .

Game – value placed on these lives. Makes them seem unimportant. Not reality. Immigration playing with lives as though they don’t matter. Subverting a stereotype because the audience made to EMPATHISE with the immigrant.

Voices merging into one

Running into staffroom

Not individual. – audience feel sorry for them because they’re not individual.  – no recognition of where they come from or what their backgrounds are. BBC is challenging audience to recognise their own prejudice and assumptions about stereotypes. 

Task 9 Terminology

Mainstream film- refers to the common current of thought of the majority, meaning that "mainstream" things are those that are currently popular with most people e.g.- captain america

Mainstream cinema- show main stream films, larger companies. E.g. Odeon

Independent film- a feature film that is produced outside of the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment agencies. Eg I Daniel blake

Independent cinema- shows independent films e.g. Every-man

Production- the making of the film before the realise

Distribution- is the delivery or distribution of media content.

Marketing- advertising

Exchange- how an audience watch a film eg Netflix, DVD, Cinima

Multinational Conglomerate- Combination of two or more that fall under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries.

Monopoly- A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service.

Oligopol- a market structure in which a small number of firms has the large majority of market share.

Name the Big Six (bonus question % of box office takings?) 20 purple unicorns walking sausage dogs

        20th Century Fox.

        Paramount Pictures.

              Universal Pictures

                 Warner Bros. Pictur

           Sony Pictures Entertainment

              Disney Studios.

1

Walt Disney

15.22%

2

Warner Bros.

15.06%

3

Sony Pictures

12.28%

4

20th Century Fox

11.65%

5

Universal

11.49%

6

Paramount Pictures

11.12%

Horizontal Integration- where an organisation develops by buying up competitors in the same section of the 

market

(also known as cross media ownership)

Vertical Integration-  a strategy where a company expands its business operations into different steps on the same production path, such as when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor.

Synergy- cooperations working together

Merchandising- the way in which shops and businesses try to sell their products

Ultra Violet

Above the Line- is where mass media is used to promote brands and reach out to the target consumers. Company's pay to have product advertised

Below the Line- free advertising eg social media

Technological Convergence-  as technology changes, different technological system sometimes evolve toward performing similar tasks.

Cross media convergence

Consumption- the sum of information and entertainmentmedia taken in by an individual or group.

Exhibition- an organized presentation and display of a selection of items

Piracy- he unauthorized reproduction or use of a copyrighted product.

Hollywood Franchise 4S Model – synergy, spectacle, sequelisation, story

Tie-In

Task 6

Task 7 Audience cinema going habits

There are many deals which encourage the audience to go to the cinema during the week for example Vodafone has deals for Odeon Cinemas. Compare the Market also has Meerkat Movies and this means that customers from compare the market get two-for-one cinema tickets at Cineworld on a Tuesdays and Wednesday, this encourages people to go to the cinema at times which are quieter for cinemas it also encourages people to opt for companies that provide these deals; it not only benefits the cinema by bring in more customers and saves customers money but also brings in more business for company's like compare the market as they have something other companies may not offer. 

Polls have shown that cinema-goers in England prefer comedy movies over anything else. The second most popular genre was action/adventure

Films are advertised in many ways; advertisements on television and social media, film trailers, posters, billboards, on the sides of buses, merchandise and interviews as well as celebrity announcements are all ways which a film can be publicized. people depending on their social reach and connections will hear about films in diffrent ways. exiting advertisements may also cause public conversations which gives films free advertisement

An audience will generally prefer US films. they tend to have a larger budget and more high profile actors. Because of this films tend to be more elaborate and enjoyable, mainstream, film do not require the audience to think to much but just allows them to enjoy the film.

3D films are an occasional treat when particular movies are released however the added expense of 3D glasses plus the hassle of wearing the glasses can ruin a viewers cinematic experience. there are some films with may be appealing and exciting to watch in 3D but on most occasions 2D is more appealing, easier, less hassle and cheaper. 

An audience has many ways to watch a film other than going to the cinema. online rentals are often available and companies such as sky offer movies to purchase of rent. An audience  can also wait for films to be released on DVD or blue ray as well as releases on film sites such as Netflix and amazon prime.

Depending on the film genre and showing times people will go to the cinema with different people. a younger audience may go to the cinema with their family and teens may go with their friends. Films with a BBFC of 12a will mean younger people need parental guidance. The cinematic experience depending on the genre may be more enjoyable for some audience members to go to the cinema with different people. it depends of a personal film preference and what films an individual enjoys. 

It is convenient for an audience to go to their nearest cinema, if someone has a local cinema it is an easy and enjoyable trip and more accessible to younger audience members. having to travel further to go to the cinema can be inconvenient therefor unless the audience wants to watch an independent film or have a more luxury cinematic experience the audience is most likely to go to the cinema nearest to them. 

Task 4 Independent film

Representation of disability DR CAGES

Plan:

Mise en Scene 
Costume -
Lighting- Natural 
Actors- boy with down syndrome 
Make-up - natural 
Props- Toy gun in comparison to kite and squishy toys, weetabix 
Setting- Home, bedroom kitchen, bus stop, school 

Bedroom is split in half, half is dull black and white fairly tidy. other half is messy brightly coloured and chaotic. shows the different personalities of the two boys. and different capabilities 

Camera 
Frame- birds eye view of bedroom to clearly show the difference between characters, bird's eye view when david is in the tree getting kite back this shows a shot of david about ben this shows how disabled people are often
 looked at as belittled and smaller than those without disability.
close up on ben shows how he may need to be watched cosey. adults never have a close up in this clip shows that they are further away from disability compared to bed also shows how youth must be watched closely as well as those with disability this is a way which ben and davis are the same. 

shot when david is talking to his friend after school ben is in the lower half of the camera shot this belittles his importance as a character this takes the focus of of him from this show but has great significance to show the un-importance of how often people with disabilities are pushed aside. it also shows how those with disabilities are excluded from social conversations and society in general and it is assumed they are not capable to join in.
Angle
Movement

Editing
SFX
Transition
Order of narrative- wake up, breakfast, toilet,bus stop, school, after school, bus. 
Pace- whole day is fit into a 5 minute clip. - montage when showing evolution has a lot of quick shots 
Screen times- teens have more screen time than adults 

Sound
Music- starts fast ends slow gives the slip more emotion and helps audience gain build sympathy by end of the clip.
Contrapuntal
Dialogue- ben spoken to like a child by adults but not by david shows that the youth and teens dismiss disability more than adults. 
On screen or off-  off screen narrative when ben is on the bus going home as well as at the beginning when in the bedroom. both narratives are david speaking even when it is ben in the shot this suggests even tho the film wants audience to feel sympathy to ben david is still the main focus and still a large part in ben's screen time. 
Voice over- (see above)
Emotive
Diegetic/ non diegetic

                                        Analyse the representation of disability in this clip.

In the clip of coming down the mountain disability is portrayed in the Mise end scene. The use of props between the two characters is clearly very different. Ben is a young boy with down syndrome and can be seen playing with stimulating childish toys at the bus stop, in comparison Davis can be seen playing with a toy gun aiming it at his brother with disabilities these toys clearly have different meanings and are being played with for different reasons. The use of childish toys for ben suggests he has a much younger mentality and is much more innocent in comparison to someone without disability; ben whom plays with a toy gun with much mature themes of shooting his brother. The Mise en scene setting in the bedroom which the brothers obviously, shows the two brothers different personalities. The use of bright colours on Bens half of the room which is also very messy and unorganised, this portrays how Bens life and mind may be; very chaotic and unorganised but also very bright colourful and cheerful. David’s side of the room however is much tidier, very dull with greys white and blacks it is clearly very different from Bens side.

The camera frame when David is retrieving Bens kite from a tree, not only shows another mise en scene prop to portray Ben as more childish, but the angle of the shot shows David above Ben. The camera shot is from Bens angle looking up towards David. This is a natural sibling feeling when the younger sibling looks up to their older sibling however due to the natural stereotypes of disability and Ben having down syndrome the audience can see that this shot is not used to show a relationship between siblings but the idea of someone with a disability compared to someone without. The idea that someone with a disability is below everyone else. The represents disabled people in a negative light. Another camera frame that represents disabled people as unimportant is the shot when David is taking to his friend in the school playground. Ben is shown in the lower half of the camera frame this belittles his importance as a character and takes the focus away from him. This has high importance in the representation of disabled people to show how often they are pushed aside and excluded from social conversations. The audience would know how often disabled people are thought to be un social or incapable of social interactions; this show clearly portrays these stereotypical thoughts.

The editing of the clip from coming down the mountain is very fast pace. A whole day is fit into a 5-minuet clip and the order of the narrative is structured to wake up, breakfast, toiler, bus stop, school, after school, bus. Someone with a mental disability often needs structure to their day this clip clearly shows structure and nothing out of the ordinary happens to ben.

The dialogue in this clip differs between characters. At the beginning of the clip Ben and Davids mother is leaving for work in this clip the tone of her dialogue changes when she talks to ben and says goodbye Ben is spoken to like a child; in a way that suggests he wouldn’t understand if she spoke normally in comparison she talks to David in a very bland, regular way which appears less loving. This shows representation of how treatment of children may differ if one was to have a disability. It suggest to the audience Ben is treated differently possibly favoured because he has a disability. This could mean the audience has some sympathy for David.In the shot when Ben is traveling home alone on the bus there is a voice over off screen sound of David narrating, the dialogue is mostly how hard it is for David to have a disabled brother.  This scene is the only scene in the clip where David appears alone. This non-diegetic sound completely takes the focus off Ben. This representation shows that even though ben should be the focus those without a disability will always be centred. The scene portrays the idea that many people will say how disabled people should have equal chances but reminds the audience that those without a disability will always have the lime light.

Task 3 Blockbuster research

Task 2- The big six

The big six 2016 film releases.

Sony	Warner brothers	20th century fox	Paramount	Disney	Universal
The shallows	Suicide squad	Dead pool	10 clover field lane	Finding dory	Bridget jones baby
The 5th wave	Me before you	Miss peregrine peculiar children	Zoolander 2	zootopia	Jason Bourne
Miracles from heaven	Lights out	trolls	Monster trucks	Alice through the looking glass	Ride along 2
Ghostbusters	How to be single	Eddie the eagle	Silence	Pete’s dragon	The secret life of pets

Mini majors:

Lions gate	MGM
Nerve	Me before you
The choice	Ben-hur
Dirty grandpa	The Belko experiment
Now you see me 2	Independence day: resurgence